Apparatus for casting curved stereotyped plates with tension lockup pockets therein



June 13, 1950 Filed Dec. 27. 1945 RICARDS ETA v APPARATUS FOR CASTING CURVED STEREOTYPED PLATES WITH TENSION LOCKUP POCKETS Tl-IEREIN 10 Sheets-Sheet l A IO INVENTQRS J M .4 BY, 3% a/M ATTORNEYS June 13, 1950 c. L. RICARDS ETAL APPARATUS FOR CAST 7 2,511,737 ING CURV'ED STEREOTYPED PLATES WITH TENSION LOCKUP. POCKETS THEREIN l0 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Dec. 27. 1945 ATTORNEYS 2,5 1 1,737 LATES June'13, 1950 c. RICARDS ETIAL APPARATUS FORCASTING CURVED STEREOTYPED P WITH TENSION LOCKUP POCKETS THEREIN 10 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed Dec. 2'7. 1945 June 13, 1950 c. L. RICARDS ETAL 2,511,737

APPARATUS FOR CASTING CURVED STEREOTYPED PLATES wrru TENSION LOCKUP POCKETS mam Filfld Doc. 27, 1945 10 Sheets-Sheet 4 .4 L. 4///A //1 A? m2 $5. i we INVENTORS M a. .4 6 BY M 1 Me PM, w M

ATTORNEYS June 13, 1950 c. RICARDS ET AL 2,511,737

APPARATUS FOR CASTING CURVED STEREOTYPED PLATES WITH TENSION LOCKUP POCKETS THERE 10 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed Dec. 27, 1945 INVENTORS BY l/nM wfiwwv saw ATTORNEYS June 13, 1950 c. L. RICARDS mm. 2,511,737

APPARATUS FOR CASTING CURVED STEREOTYPED PLATES wrm TENSION LOCKUP POCKETS THERE 10 Sheets-Sheet 7 Filed Dec. 27. 1945 INVENTORS BY 34 a. 44! MQW QWQM.

ATTORNEYS June 13, 1 950 c. RICARDS ErAL APPARATUS FOR CASTING CURVED STEREOTYPED PLATES WITH TENSION LOCKUP POCKETS THEREIN 1o Sheets-Sheet 8 Filed Dec. 27. 1945 INVENTOR 8 ATTORNEYS June- 13, 1950 c. RICARDS EIAL 2,511,737

APPARATUS FOR CASTING CURVED STEREOTYPED PLATES WITH TENSION LOCKUP POCKETS THEREIN Filed Dec. 27, 1945 l0 Sheets-Sheet 9 ATTORNEYS June 13, 1950 c. L. RICARDS arm. 2,511,737

APPARATUS FOR CASTING CURVED STEREOTYPED PLATES wrm TENSION LOCKUP- POCKETS THEREIN Filed Dec. 27, 1945 10 Sheets-Sheet 10 ATTORNEYS Patented June 13, 1950 APPARATUS FOR CASTiNG CURVED STERE- OTYPED PLATES WITH TENSION LOCKUP POCKETS THEREIN Charles L. Ricards, South Plainfield, and John A.

Isbell, Plainfield, N. J., assignors to Wood Newspaper Machinery Corporation, Plainfield, N. J

a corporation of Virginia Application December 27, 1945, Serial No. 687,336

4 Claims.

This invention relates to a method of and apparatus for casting stereotype plates and more particularly to a method of and. machine for casting a stereotype plate having pockets on its inner face for the reception of tension clamps.

In the use of stereotype plates with modern high speed presses, where centrifugal force must be taken into account, the use of the conventional end clamp lock-up mechanisms to secure the plate to the printing cylinder has not proved satisfactory and it has been proposed to provide specially designed plate clamping fingers which are incorporated in the printing cylinders and which securely hold the stereotype plates in position on the cylinders under circumferential tension rather than under compression. The use of this tension lock-up mechanism has presented new problems in the manufacture of stereotype plates. If the plates are manufactured as heretofore, it is necessary to form pockets on their inner surfaces by a milling operation, or in some other suitable manner, thus necessitating a separate operation or requiring the milling operation to be performed in conjunction with some subsequent finishing step as, for instance, the shaving of the plate.

In accordance with the present invention, we provide a method wherein pockets are formed in the plate casting operation by retractable cores which are withdrawn from the pockets into the plate casting cylinder or core after the plate has been cast to permit the plate to be readily stripped from the cylinder.

The invention further comprises suitable apparatus consisting of the usual casting box and plate cylinder in which the plate cylinder is provided with a number of retractable pocket forming cores equal to the number of pockets desired in the stereotype plate, together with suitable means for projecting the cores when the plate cylinder is moved into casting position and permitting the cores to be retracted when the plate cylinder is moved from the casting box to permit the plate to be stripped from the cylinder.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 is a vertical, sectional view of an automatic plate casting apparatus embodying the ing another pair of pocket forming core members in retracted position with the stereotype plate being stripped from the cylinder;

Fig. 3 is an enlarged view through a pair of pocket forming core members and their associated parts in substantially the plane of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a sectional view at right angles to Figs. 2 and. 3 on the line 44 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 5 is a plan view of the parts shown in Fi 4; V I

Fig. 6 is a vertical, sectional view of a plate casting machine illustrating another means for projecting and retracting the pocket forming core members, the view being taken on line G6 of Fig. '7;

Fig. 7 is a horizontal, sectional view on the line 'l'l of Fig. 6;

Fig. 8 is a plan view taken on the line 8-4! of Fig. 6;

Fig. 9 is a horizontal sectional view on the line 9-9 of Fig. 6;

Fig. 10 is a side elevation of a set of pocket forming core members and the actuating mechanism therefor;

Fig. 11 is a side elevation of a stereotype plate showing the pockets formed therein;

Fig. 12 is a horizontal sectional view showing one form of the invention applied to a universal plate casting machine;

Fig. 13 is a vertical, sectional view on line l3-l3 of Fig. 12;

Fig. 14 is a horizontal sectional view illustrating another form of the invention applied to another type of plate casting machine;

Fig. 15 is a vertical sectional view on line 15- 15 of Fig. 14; and

Fig. 16 is a side elevation of the form of the invention shown in Figs. 14 and 15.

In the form illustrated in Figs. 1 to 5 of the drawings, the invention is shown applied to-an automatic plate casting machine comprising a substantially semi-cylindrical casting box 2 in which is mounted a plate cylinder or core 4. The plate cylinder is rotatable about its axis and onehalf of the cylinder within the casting box cooperates with the casting box to form a mold cavity I4 for the casting of a stereotype plate while a previously cast stereotype plate is being stripped from the other half of the cylinder. The retraction of the pocket forming cores on onehalf of the cylinder is accomplished by the lateral movement of the plate being stripped from the cylinder, and the pocket cores on the other half of the cylinder are projected into operative position by means of torsion springs and by interconnection between the pocket cores on one half of the cylinder and those on the other half of the cylinder.

The machine is mounted on a suitable base 6 by means of a pedestal B. The plate cylinder is supported on a stationary axle III, through suitable upper and lower journals I2. A matrix (not shown) is secured to the inner surface of the casting box and the metal for forming the stereotype plate is poured into the mold through the openin I6. The upper end of the cylinder is closed by an end plate I8. A gear or pinion 20 is mounted on the axle I to rotate with respect thereto and is capable of being connected to the end plate I8 of the cylinder by suitable clutch mechanism 22 to rotate the cylinder a half revolution after a plate has been cast. Cooling of the cast plate is accomplished by delivering water or other cooling fluid through a conduit 24 in the base to the interior of the cylinder. This cooling fluid passes through openings in a sleeve 26 surrounding the stationary shaft II and exhausts through openings 21 in the lower end Wall of the cylinder.

The casting box may also be provided with a.

cooling space 28 having inlets and outlets 30 connected thereto. The parts heretofore described are of conventional construction in automatic stereotype plate casting machines and form no part of the invention, except in the combination claimed.

In Fig. 11 of the drawings we have illustrated a stereotype plate P having a plurality of pockets 32- cast in its inner face adjacent the end edges of the plate. In the form of the invention ill usopening in the plate cylinder and secured thereto v by means of clamps 38 and bolts 40- (see Figs. 3 and 5). The segmental pocket core members 34 are mounted in arcuate passages 42 in the holders and are adapted to be projected when the half of the cylinder in which the pocket core member is mounted is within the casting box and retracted when the cast plate is being stripped from the cylinder (see Figs. 2 and 3.)- The holder 36 is formed of two parts 44 and 46 secured to each other by bolts 4.8. The holders are provided with slots 50 through which levers 52 extend (Fig. 4). The end of each of the levers 52 is received in an opening 54 in a core pocket member 34:. The levers 52 are mounted on studs 55 and surrounded by coil springs 58 mounted in the holders. One end of each coil. spring is attached to the lever as at 60 and the other end 62 is attached to a cap 54.. Thus, the pressure of the spring can be varied by rotating the cap 64. When the desired pressure is obtained, a screw (it, which passes. through an opening in the cap, is. fixed in one of. several openings in the holder to loci: the spring which then exerts the desired pressure on the lever 52 to project the pocket core member 34. The springs are adjusted to retain the lever 52 against a stop 68 (see Fig. 3) and project the core member 34 the exact amount desired to form a pocket of the desired size in the cast plate.

Beyond the stud 56, each of the levers 52 is pro- 4 videdwith. a segment I9 of gear teeth. The segments 70 of a pair of pocket core m mb rs 34 mesh with racks I2 and 14 formed on plungers I6 and I8 (see Fig. 3) and these plungers are mounted in a suitable bore in the holder. One of the plungers is counter-bored as at 82 to receive a spring 84 and a poppet 96, the head of which abuts but is not attached to the end of the other plunger 18. A stop collar 88 is arranged on the outer end of plunger I8 within the bore to limit the movement of the poppet 86. The holder is provided with a drain hole 98 to carry off any seepage of cooling water entering the unit (Fig. 4). A spring clip 92 (see Fig. 3) is arranged around the meeting ends of the plungers I6 and I8 to guard against seepage of water.

In Fig. 1, a plate P, which has been cast, is shown at the. time of being stripped from the half of the cylinder remote from the casting box. As shown, the edges of the plate have been engaged by plate fingers 94 (Fig. 2). The other half of the cylinder is in position in the casting box, forming the mold cavity I4 for the reception of molten type metal to produce another stereotype plate. As the plate P is stripped by the plate fingers 94, it pushes the core members 34 out of its path to a. point where they clear the plate and permit the springs 58 to return the core members back to casting position. On the half of the plate cylinder within the casting box, the core members 34 are projected by the springs 58, and the plate when cast will have the pockets 32 formed therein by the core members. The springs 58 bias the core members 34 toward their extended positions so that in normal operation, the core members 34 on the half of the plate cylinder within the casting box are extended by these springs. Should one of these members 34 stick in its retracted position when it is pushed inward by the stripping of a casting plate therefrom, and remain in such position when brought within the casting box in preparation for the next casting operation, then the retraction of the opposite set of core members 34 by the stripping of a plate therefrom will dislodge and extend the stuck fingers. When the outer core members 34 are retracted by the stripping of a plate, as shown at the right side of Fig. 3, the plunger I8 is positively moved to the left, moving the poppet 86 to the left and thus compressing the spring 82 thereby biasing the plunger 16 to the left. The force of the compressed spring 84 is thus applied through the rack I2 and the segment 10 of gear teeth to assist the springs 58 in projecting the core member 34 on the left of Fig. 3 to its extended pocket forming position.

In Figs. 6 to 10 of the drawings, another form of the invention is shown applied to an automatic casting machine of the type shown in Figs. 1 to 5, and the conventional parts of the casting machine are designated by the same reference numerals. In this form of the invention, the core members which are employed to form the plate pockets 32 are positively withdrawn and protruded by the rotation of the cylinder. The cylinder 4 is provided with a detachable head III!) to facilitate manufacture and assembly of the mechanism for inserting and retracting the pocket forming cores. This head is secured to the cylinder by bolts I02. As in the form of the invention heretofore described, the pocket core members are mounted in holders I04 secured in suitable openings in the wall of the cylinder by clamps I08 (see Fig. 6). The cores I08 are slldably mounted in openings III] in the holders I04 and the end portions I I2 of the cores are suitably shaped to form pockets of the desired contour. The inner ends N4 of the core members are cylindrical and are mounted in guides II6 secured to the holders I04. Packing glands II8 surround the cylindrical portions of the core members to prevent seepage of cooling water.

A detailed view of a number of the core members and the operating mechanism therefor is shown in Fig. 10. As shown, a plurality of the core members I08, adapted to form a series of pockets adjacent an edge of a plate P, are connected together by tie bars I20. Connecting links I22 are pivotally connected to the tie bars by pins I24 and these links are secured to cams fixed to a shaft I26, two of such shafts extending vertically of the machine at positions 180 from each other as shown in Fig. '1.

The shafts I26 are rotated by rotation of the cylinder 4 through a planetary gear train shown in Figs. 6, 8 and 9. A stationary gear I28 is secured to the shaft or axle I0 and this gear drives intermediate gears I30 mounted on stub shafts in the detachable cover plate I00. The stub shafts carry pinions I32 which in turn mesh with gears or pinions I34 mounted on the shafts I26.

When the cylinder is rotated, gears I30 rotate around the stationary sun gear I28 and through the pinions I32 impart rotary motion to the pinions I34 on the shafts I26. The ratio of the gearing is such that when the cylinder makes one revolution, the shafts I26 also make one revolution. Thus, the half revolution made by the cylinder to move a cast plate from the casting box 2, as shown at the left in Fig. '7 of the drawings, to the position for stripping the plate, as shown to the right in Fig. '1 of the drawings, causes each of the cam shafts I26 to make a half revolution. Through connecting links I22, the core members I08 on the left side of the cylinder are protruded out into the mold cavity ready for the next casting operation whereas the core members on the other half of the cylinder are retracted as shown to permit the cast plate to be removed from the cylinder by the plate fingers 04.

The cam shafts I26 may be supported by intermediate bearings I36 which are inserted in the cylinder wall and held in place by clamps similar to the clamps I06. By providing these bearings as separate members and not as part of the cylinder construction, machining of the inside surface of the cylinder to insure a uniform wall thickness is facilitated.

In Figs. 12 and 13 the invention is shown applied to a stereotype casting machine of a different type. In this type of machine we provide a casting box I38 which is substantially semicylindrical in horizontal cross-section as shown in Fig. 12 of the drawings, and this casting box cooperates with a semi-cylindrical core I40. The core, when in closed position, is arranged slightly spaced from the casting box to provide a mold cavity I42 between them, and when the cast plate is to be removed, the core is tilted to the dotted line position shown in Fig. 13 of the drawings. The casting box is supported by side frames I44 and the core is movably supported by rollers I46 on tracks I48 carried by the side frames. The rollers I 46 are journalled on studs I41 carried by brackets I50 mounted on the core. The lower ends of these brackets are pivotally connected to links I52 and the opposite ends of the links I53 are pivotally mounted on studs I54 carried by the frame I56 of the machine. This method of supporting the core to permit it to assume either the vertical position shown in Fig. 12 for casting or to assume the substantially horizontal position shown in dotted lines in Fig. 13 to permit ejecting of the cast plate is well known in the art and forms no part of the present invention except in the combination claimed.

In the form of the invention illustrated in Figs. 12 and 13, we provide holders I58 for the pocket core members, these holders being inserted in suitable openings in the core and retained in position by clamps I60 and bolts I62. The holders are provided with arcuate slots I64, similar to the construction described in connection with the form of the invention shown in Figs. 1 to 5, and receive pocket core members I66 which are adapted to be inserted in the mold cavity as shown in Fig. 12 to form the pockets 32 when the plate is cast, and to be retracted to permit stripping of the cast plate. The pocket core members are projected by levers I68 which are received in slots or openings in the receivers and these levers are mounted on studs I10 and provided with torsion springs similar to the springs 58 heretofore described to normally extend the pocket core members to operative position. Outward movement of each core member is limited by engagement between a portion of the lever I68 and a stop I12 formed on the holder I58. A push pin I14 engages a projection I16 on the lever I68, the

lever being shaped as to be engaged by the push pin to assist the action of the torsion spring and insure that the lever is moved to the point where it engages the stop I12 and properly extends the pocket core member into the mold cavity. In this construction the core I40 is provided with an inner wall I18 to provide a water jacket I and as it is necessary to extend the opening over the holder I58 through this inner wall, it must be made water-tight. A packing gland I82 surrounds the push pin I14 and is provided with a flange I84 which is secured to the inner wall by means of bolts I86. Adjustable nut I81 is arranged within this gland and confines a packing I 88 around the tubular push pin guide I90 which projects from the holder I58.

Motion of the push pins I14 is derived from the tilting of the core I40 from the vertical position shown in Fig. 13 of the drawings to the dotted line position. As the core is tilted, the angular relationship between the core and link I52 changes.

v A shaft I92 is journalled within the core and this shaft is provided with a bevel gear I94 on its lower end. Bevel gear I94 meshes with a bevel gear I96 mounted on a shaft I98 carried by and fixed to the links I52. When the core is swung to the dotted line position and the angular relationship between it and the links I52 is thus changed, shaft I08 and bevel gear I96 rotate shaft I92. Shaft I92 is provided with a plurality of cams 200 having high points 202 which engage push pins I14 when the core is swung to a vertical position to assist the torsion springs in moving the pocket core members I66 to operative position. The pocket core members I66 are withdrawn from the pockets when the core is in the dotted line position shown in Fig. 13 by the action of lifting the plate from the core. Positive with- I drawal of the pocket core members I66 could be obtained by providing linkages between the shaft I92 and the push pins I14, if desired.

Figs. 14 to 16 illustrate the same general type of machine as that shown in Figs. 12 and 13 provided with other means for inserting and withdrawing the pocket core members. Parts of the apparatus which are identical to the parts illus- I .trate'd in FigslZEand 18:ane: identifiedibythesame referenceinlmieral'sz Fig; 1a of: the: drawings wethaveialso illustrated; the conventional slida-ble locking/bars: 2M by'means of" whichthe core is securely locked: to the; oast'rng box 1:38 when the parts are inpositiim foncasting: A: matrix 296 is. also illustrated. in: this" form of the"; invention and: is engaged between the locking bars 2-bit and theipacking'strips 2t81 In this form of mecha- -nism, the matrix'moves-out of, the casting box i l 38 with: the cast. plate; and v is strippedtherefrom by hand. The; locking bars are: moved: laterally by .meansrofsazhandlever 2! which: is pivoted to a stud-24;! carrieda by onezof; the-locking bars and simultaneousmovementof the other locking bars is pronidedby toggle links: 2 1:2: and .a verticalslidingsbar 2 M. These'partsare of conventional constnuctlonzanmareiznotlclaimedexcept inrcoinbina- 'tinntwithzthe parts shown herein.

Movement ofithevertical sliding bar 214 is utilized to actuate the pocket'core members. in the formof. theinvention shown inFigs. 14, 15 and 161 The'pocket'core members'2'l6 are mounted in suitazblechannels: in the core and. the inner ends ofthe coremembers are provided with racks Z l 8. These: racks engage; gear segments 226 mounted onzshafts 222and22tat-the opposite-sides of the machine. The shafts aregeared in synchronism by bevel gears-i226 and228'. Thesezgears are carried by a stub shaft 230 mounted in bearings formed in brackets1232'on' the inner side ofv the core; The'stub shaft 23-9 is rotatedby movement of; the vertical sliding; bar 2M; the. shaft being provided withxa. crank or'lever 234 which;isvcon nested to the/sliding barbyex-tendinginto an opening: therein; jas shown inxFigs. I14 and 15.

The" operation of this form of the invention Wiliibfi" apparent from the. foregoing description. When. thecore Mfl i'smoved to the vertical position'ad'j acentthe'casting boxfora casting -operationian'd the lever- Z10 ismoved upwardly from the; dotted" line position shown in- Fig; l5'of the drawings forthepurpose of locking the core to the casting box, movement of; sliding bar 214 oscillates the shaft 239 which through bevelgears 226' and 228' oscillates shafts 222 and 225;. Gear segments-22il carried by these shaftsengage racks 2J8orr the core: members M6 to move the core members outwardly and thusinsert them in the mold cavity to-form pockets. of the desired size and? shape when the stereotype plate is cast.

In the use of each of the described forms of apparatus, themolten type metal is poured into the'cavity' formed between the casting box and the core while the pocket core members protrude' from the core surface. Thereafter, the cast plate is cooled, the plate is removed from the casting box with the core and is stripped from the core, the pocket core members being retracted to permit" the stripping of the plate.

Weclaim:

1. In apparatus for'casting curved stereotype plates'including a concave semi-cylindrical casting box and a cylindrical core adapted to form an arcuate mold cavity therebetween, a stationrycentral shaft supporting said core: for rotation to move semi-cylindrical plates cast on the core surface out of said casting box, the combination therewith of at least two pocket core members respectively carried by said core adjaj cent opposite sides of said mold cavity and movable from positions in which they extend outwardly into said mold cavity to retracted positions within said cylindrical core, a rotary shaft journalled within and extending lengthwise of said core; gearing: connected: between said: rotary shaft:andzsaidstationary central shaft and operated: by rotation of. said core: for turning said rotary shaft, eccentrics on said rotary shaft and links connecting'said eccentrics to said-pocket core: members whereby turning of said core moves: said; pocket core. members.

2: Inapparatus' for casting curved stereotype plates including a concave semi cylindrical'casting; box;and;'acylindrical core adapted to form an arcuate mold cavity therebetween and a stationary central. shaft. supporting said core for rotation tomove semi-cylindrical plates cast on its surface outlof saidrcasting box, the combinationtherewith of at least two elongated pocket core members respectively carried by said: core adjacent opposite sides of 'sa-idmold cavity and movable -lengthwise'- from positions in'. which they extend outwardly intosaid mold cavitytoretracted' positionswithin said cylindrical core, a rotary shaft journalled within'said core, gearing connecting said rotary; shaft and saidstationary central'shaft for rotating-said rotary shaft when said core: rotates, and links connected between said rotary shaft and-said pocket core members for movingsaid pocket coremembers between their extended andretracted positionsupon rotation of said core.-

3. In' apparatus for casting curved stereotype plates. including a concavesubstantially semicylindrical casting box and convex cylindrical core:adapted to forman' arcuate semi-cylindrical mold cavity therebetween, and a -stationary central shaft supporting said core forrotation to present successive semi-cylindrical portions thereof adjacent saidtcasting'box, the combination. therewith of two'sets of elongated-pocket core members carried by saidcylindrical core, the members of each set being respectively disposed adjacent opposite sides of said mold cavity on'oppositesemi-cylindrical portions of said core, all of saidpocket core members being movable lengthwise through openings in the cylindrical core surface betweenretracted positions beneath such surface and extended positions in which their ends extend.- into the mold cavity, tworotary-shaf'tswithin said core; gearing operatively connectingsaid rotaryshaftsvto said stationary: central; shaft for rotating said rotary shaftswhenisaid core rotates, eccentrics'on said rotary-shafts and links connected between said eccentricsand said respective sets of pocket core members for moving said coremembers between their extended and vretracted positions upon rotation of said cylindrical core.

4. In apparatus for casting curved stereotype plates including a concave substantially semicylindrical casting box and a convex cylindrical core adapted to form an arcuate semi-cylindrical mold cavity therebetween and a stationary central shaft supporting saidcore for rotation to present successive semi-cylindrical portions thereof adjacent said casting box, the combination therewith of two sets of elongated pocket coremembers carried by'said cylindrical core, the members'of each set being respectively disposed adjacent oppositesides ofsaid moldcavity on oppositesemi-cylindrical portions of said core, all of said pocket core members being movable lengthwise through openings in the cylindrical core surface between retracted positions in which their ends are beneath such surface and extended positions in which their ends extend into the mold cavity..two rotary shafts extending longitudinally-of said core,,each of said rotary shafts substantially between the care members of one of said sets, gearing connecting said rotary shafts to said stationary central shaft The following references are Of reeerd 1n the for turning said rotary shafts relative to said me of this Patent: core as said core rotates, eccentric surfaces on 5 UNITED STATES PATENTS said rotary shafts and links connecting the Number Name Date pocket core members of each of said sets to the 1 583 214 wood May 4 1926 eccentric surface of the rotary shaft lying be- 1848593 wood Mar 1932 tween said pocket core members whereby rota- 1'967796 Weiss 1934 tion of said rotary shafts moves said pocket l0 1 1 Huck Mar 1938 r l r i m g w en h ir x e nd 112- 1 5 Foster 1946 rac e pos one.

CHARLES L. RIC'ARDS. gigafi June 1946 JOHN A. ISBEIL Crafts ay 1 

